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OZONE

Ozone O 3    is a gas having low boiling point.It is present in a small  concentration throughout  the atmosphere . UNITS The amount of the Ozone in the atmosphere is expressed in Dobson units(DU). The normal amount of overhead ozone is about 350 DU. PRESENCE: The stratosphere where the ozone layer exist in the atmosphere is approximately at 15 to 40 KM altitude and is just  above the troposphere which extend to an altitude of 0-15 KM. from the earth. The temperature in the troposphere decreases with the increasing altitude from 15 to -56 degree. It is because the air near the earth is heated up by radiations re-emitted from the earth . Where as the temperature in the stratosphere increases with the increases of altitude ; -56 to -2 degree. The Ozone is the main chemical species which is present in the stratosphere which absorb the ultraviolet radiation and increases the temperature of the upper part of the ozone layer. ADVANTAGES: The ozone layer, 25-28 KM high ,
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Adobe photoshop urdu tutorial free download

To download free tutorial click here
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Why people got sick at Eid ul Fitr

Ramadan will end in nearly two weeks. After this month there will bw Eid ul Fitr that is religious festival of Muslims.  The fasting on Eid ul Fitr day is forbidden. The Muslims offer prayers and prepared different types of dishes on that day. Traditions  varies but one component (food) is the same every where. At that day families visit the homes of relatives and different types of foods are offered , that can be a small snack or large meal. As you and your family make your holiday visit make sure your children clean their hands before they enjoy the day's treat. As many of the traditional foods consumed during Eid fitr are curry and stew based. The dishes such as beef rendering usually consist of pieces of meat and vegetables cooked  in broth or sauce . if these are not properly cleaned then it cause food poisoning. Moreover our stomach is uesd to remain empty most of the time so when we start eating at once on Eid day , then it is over loaded and we got sick. The dished should
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What chemicals are present in artificial flavors

Flavors are basically chemical compounds. These are Esters of Carboxylic Acids. The Drinks which are being sold in market are consist of these chemicals (artificial flavors) . Some important   Chemicals present in   these drinks are listed below. Esters Flavors Amylacetate Isobutylformate Benzylacetae Ethylbutyrate Amylbutyrate Octylactate Banana Raspberry Jasmine Pineapple Apricot Orange When we are using a drink made of such artificial flavors then it depends upon the brand of that drink to which company it is related. Because quality control is very important in this respect . Branded companies have a strong quality control department so always prefer to take branded products . Presence of chemicals in artificial drinks does not means we should not use these drinks . The only thing which is  needed, we should be more careful for their selection because it is related to our health.
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What chemicals are present in artificial flavors

Flavors are basically chemical compounds. These are Esters of Carboxylic Acids. The Drinks which are being sold in market are consist of these chemicals (artificial flavors) . Some important   Chemicals present in   these drinks are listed below. Esters Flavors Amylacetate Isobutylformate Benzylacetae Ethylbutyrate Amylbutyrate Octylactate Banana Raspberry Jasmine Pineapple Apricot Orange When we are using a drink made of such artificial flavors then it depends upon the brand of that drink to which company it is related. Because quality control is very important in this respect . Branded companies have a strong quality control department so always prefer to take branded products . Presence of chemicals in artificial drinks does not means we should not use these drinks . The only thing which is  needed, we should be more careful for their selection because it is related to our health.
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Top 5 Natural Vegetarian sources of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

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If you are vegetarian, or considering going vegetarian, then getting enough vitamin B12 should be of concern to you. A slight deficiency of vitamin B-12, or Cobalamin, can lead to anemia, fatigue, mania, and depression, while a long term deficiency can potentially cause permanent damage to the brain and central nervous system. If you are not eating meat and want to maintain a natural diet then it is essential that you incorporate the natural vegetarian foods below into your diet.   Vitaminsupplements are also available. #1: Cheese   The amount of vitamin B12 in cheese depends on type and variety, Swiss cheese provides the most with 3.34μg per 100g serving (56% DV), followed by Gjetost(40% DV), Mozzarella(39% DV), Tilsit(35% DV), and Feta(28% DV).   Click to see complete nutritionfacts.
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Steroids

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A Steroid is an organic compound with four rings  arranged in a specific configuration . Examples include the dietary lipid cholesterol. The sex hormones estradiol and testosterone and the anti-inflammatory  drugdexamethasone . Steroids have two principal biological functions: certain Steroids such as cholesterol are important components of cell membranes which after membrane fluidity and many steroids are signaling molecules which activate steroid hormones receptors. The steroid core structure  is composed of seventeen carbon atoms , bonded in four fused rings. Three six member cyclohexane ring ( ring A, B and C in the first illustration ) and one five member cyclopentane rind(the D ring). Steroids vary by the functional group attached to this four ring core and  by the oxidation  state of the rings. Sterols are forms of steroids with a hydroxyl group  at position three and skeleton derived from cholestane. They can also vary  more markedly by change to the ring str
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